佳博体育的教授们在当地刊物上展示

10日总统约翰·泰勒是美国第十任总统。他的半身像（前景）被陈列在詹姆斯·布莱尔大厅旁边的泰勒花园。泰勒的儿子里昂·加德纳·泰勒担任威廉玛丽学院第17任院长。历史学名誉教授埃德·克拉波尔（Ed Crapol）著有《意外的总统约翰·泰勒》（John Tyler）一书，并为《弗吉尼亚公报》（Virginia Gazette）的就职期撰写了一篇关于美国第十任总统的摘要。 Stephen Salpukas摄。

泰勒两约翰·泰勒是美国第十任总统。他的半身像（前景）被陈列在詹姆斯·布莱尔大厅旁边的泰勒花园。泰勒的儿子里昂·加德纳·泰勒担任威廉玛丽学院第17任院长。历史学名誉教授埃德·克拉波尔（Ed Crapol）著有《意外的总统约翰·泰勒》（John Tyler）一书，并为《弗吉尼亚公报》（Virginia Gazette）的就职期撰写了一篇关于美国第十任总统的摘要。 Stephen Salpukas摄。

苏珊娜·休拉坦著 | 二零零九年一月十六日

从历史上看，在美国总统中，是吸取了教训还是需要吸取教训？

最近，几位威廉玛丽学院的教授参与了这样一项审查。他们的作品将在本周末威廉斯堡当地报纸《弗吉尼亚公报》（Virginia Gazette） 1月17日版上刊登。

The project was the brainchild of the paper’s publisher Bill O’Donovan.

“This project developed quickly after the election. At a time when the nation is facing financial peril and international chaos, the Gazette sought to apply lessons learned from 之前的 administrations for Barrack Obama,” O’Donovan said in an email.

Image courtesy of the Virginia Gazette 为了将他的计划付诸实施，他向威廉玛丽学院、托马斯纳尔逊社区学院和玛丽华盛顿大学的教授寻求帮助。

“The premise was to set up each president in history and walk him through what worked well and what went wrong,” O’Donovan said.
O’Donovan consulted retired history professor Ed Crapol, an expert on former president John Tyler, on potential contributors.

14位威廉玛丽学院的教授参与了这个项目，其中包括来自历史系和政府系的教授，还有几位来自法学院的教授。

政府部门主席John McGlennon撰写了现代总统Jimmy Carter和Ronald Reagan的简介。

“Today we are likely to see presidents surviving longer and having an impact on national and international affairs well after they leave the White House - this has certainly been the case with one of the presidents I wrote about , Jimmy Carter, he said. “Periodically reviewing their contributions is a benefit to the public and the historical record.”

参与者被要求对某一位美国总统进行300字的总结。保持简介简短是一个挑战，但却是一个有用的练习。

“With that kind of space limit you have to recognize that you can’t say everything,” he noted. “学者 have the luxury of spending a lot of time, with a captive audience, to get their point across. A newspaper audience would never tolerate that.”

History professor Scott Nelson provided the most profiles, tackling five presidents – Andrew Johnson, Grant, Garfield, Arthur and Hayes. 他说，从历史的角度来看，分析好总统和坏总统是有挑战性的。

“The best and the worst presidents are usually the same people,” Nelson noted.

总共有21位学者参与了这项工作。下面列出了威廉玛丽学院的名人，以及他们总结的校长。

James Axtell, Kenan Professor of Humanities Emeritus (Wilson)

Ed Crapol, William E. Pullen Professor of History Emeritus (Tyler, Polk, Taylor)

Neal Devins, professor of law (Clinton)

Davison M. Douglas, Arthur B. Hanson Professor of Law (Ford, George H.W. Bush)

Robert F. Engs, James Picnkney Harrison Distinguished 访问ing Professor in History (also professor of history at the University of Pennsylvania) (Lincoln)

Andrew Fisher, professor of history (Harding, Coolidge, Hoover)

Philip J. Funigiello, professor of history emeritus (Franklin D. Roosevelt, Truman)

George Grayson, Class of 1938 Professor of Government (Cleveland, McKinley, William Henry Harrison)

Ronald Hoffman, director of the Omohundro Institute for Early American History & Culture at William & Mary (Washington)

John McGlennon, chairman of the department of government (Carter, Reagan)

Scott Nelson, Legum Professor of History (Andrew Johnson, Grant, Garfield, Arthur, Hayes)

Robert Parkinson, National Endowment of the Humanities Post doctoral fellow at the Omohundro Institute at William & Mary (John Adams)

Richard B. Sherman, William E. Pullen Professor of History Emeritus (Taft, Theodore Roosevelt)

Thad Tate, professor emeritus of history (Madison)

Ludwell H. Johnson, taught history at William & Mary until 1992 (Van Buren, Jackson, Buchanan)